1. You need to prioritize a global water issue, which water issue do you believe is affecting the most people globally?
Answer: Sewage & Sanitation
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Explanation: According to the UN, 3.6 billion people still live without safely managed sanitation, threatening health, harming the environment and hindering economic development. This is next to 3 billion people lacking access to safe drinking water, and 2.3 billion people living in wtare stressed areas.
Every day, 700 children under 5 years old die from diseases linked to unsafe water and sanitation. Toilets save lives and drive improvements in gender equality and in society as a whole.
We need urgent and massive investment and innovation along the entire “sanitation chain”, from toilets to the transport, collection and treatment of human waste.
Delivering on this basic human right — the right to water and sanitation — is good for people, business and our planet. For every $1 invested in toilets and sanitation, up to $5 is returned in saved medical costs, better health, increased productivity, education and jobs.
See the citation for this information here: https://www.unwater.org/app/uploads/2021/08/PGA_brief_Infographic-scaled.jpg
and here: https://www.un.org/press/en/2021/sgsm21024.doc.htm
2. Although all water issues are of course dire, sewage and sanitation seems to affect the most people globally. According to WHO, what percentage of the world’s population is thought to consume food irrigated by wastewater?
Answer: At least 10%<
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Explanation: According to the UN some 829 000 people in low- and middle-income countries die as a result of inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene each year, representing 60% of total diarrhoeal deaths. Poor sanitation is believed to be the main cause in some 432 000 of these deaths and is a major factor in several neglected tropical diseases, including intestinal worms, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Poor sanitation also contributes to malnutrition.
Diarrhoea remains a major killer but is largely preventable. Better water, sanitation, and hygiene could prevent the deaths of 297 000 children aged under 5 years each year.
Open defecation perpetuates a vicious cycle of disease and poverty. The countries where open defection is most widespread have the highest number of deaths of children aged under 5 years as well as the highest levels of malnutrition and poverty, and big disparities of wealth.
See citation for this information here: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sanitation
3. But, next to sewage and sanitation, flooding of coastal countries is becoming an increasing issue that you will need to manage urgently. According to the IPCC, projected changes in the wave climate will rapidly increase flooding in small islands. The projected estimates in sea level rise for 2050, compared to 1994-2014 will:
Answer: Double flooding frequency in much of the Indian Ocean & Tropical Pacific
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Explanation: Over the past two decades, climate-related disasters nearly doubled compared with the preceding twenty years, affecting more than four billion people, according to Secretary-General António Guterres.
These disasters have claimed the lives of millions and resulted in over $2.97 trillion in economic losses, he said.
Underscoring that “adaptation cannot be the forgotten piece of the climate equation”, he has been advocating for rich nations to mobilize $100 billion annually to assist developing countries and calling for 50 per cent of climate finance to be used on building resilience and adaptation.
Small islands present the most urgent need for investment in capacity building and adaptation strategies (high confidence) but face barriers and constraints which hinder the implementation of adaptation responses. Barriers and constraints arise from governance arrangements, financial resources and human resource capacity. Additionally, institutional and legal systems are often inadequately prepared for managing adaptation strategies such as large-scale settlement relocation and other planned and/or autonomous responses to climate risks
See citation for this information here: https://caribbean.un.org/en/173533-small-islands-are-increasingly-affected-climate-change-ipcc-report
And here: https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/06/1094792